Puzzles in Logical Reasoning: Tips, Tricks, and Solved Examples - Aptitude Questions & Answers

Solution: Create table. B: Green, C: Yellow. D not Black → D: Red or Blue. E: Red or Blue. A not Red/Blue → A: Black or remaining. Since D and E take Red/Blue, A must take Black. Answer: A likes Black.

Solution: Pattern: (Top×Left) + (Right×Bottom) × 5. First: (5×3)+(4×2)=23, 23×? Check: Actually 5×3=15, 4×2=8, sum=23. 23×? Not 70. Try: (5+3+4+2)=14, 14×5=70 ✓. Second: (7+2+5+3)=17, 17×5=85 ✓. Third: (6+4+3+5)=18, 18×5=90. Answer: 90.

Solution: Yellow: Cherry. Red not Apple → Red: Banana. Blue not Banana → Blue: Apple. Answer: Blue box has Apple.

Solution: Pattern: Top-left × Top-right + Bottom-left. First: 2×4+6=14, but center is 12. Try: (2+4)×6/3=12. Second: (3+5)×7/3.6≈ not integer. Try: 3×5+7=22 not 35. Try: (3×5)+(4×5)=35? Actually: 3×5=15, 7×? Find: 3×5=15, need 20 more, 7×? Try: 3×5+4×5=35 where 4 from? Try: (3×5)+(4×5)=35, 4=7-3? Third: (4×6)+( (8-4)×5)=24+20=44. Answer: 44.

Solution: Order: S highest (95). R > P > Q. Q not lowest → Q > someone. So order: S(95), R, P, Q with Q not last means must be someone below Q? Actually if 4 people, Q could be 3rd. Given R>P>Q and S highest: S(95), R, P, Q. Q not lowest → impossible since Q is last in R>P>Q. So maybe Q scored more than someone else? Re-examine: \"Q didn\'t score lowest\" means Q > at least one person. In R>P>Q, Q is lowest. Contradiction. Maybe R>P>Q is not complete ordering. Perhaps: R > P > Q, and S highest, and Q not lowest. Then someone scores less than Q. That must be someone not in R,P,Q? But only 4 people. So maybe scores: S(95), R(92), P(85), Q(78) but Q is lowest. So Q is lowest. Contradiction. Let\'s try: S=95, R=92, P=85, Q=78. Check: P>Q ✓, R>P ✓, S highest ✓, Q lowest ✗. So maybe ordering is different. Perhaps R>P>Q but Q not lowest means Q > someone, so there must be someone with score less than Q. That would be a 5th person. Given only 4, impossible. Therefore maybe interpretation: \"P scored more than Q but less than R\" doesn\'t mean R>P>Q in absolute scores, just relative comparisons. Could be R > P and P > Q. S highest. Q not lowest means Q > one of others. Possible scores: S=95, R=92, Q=85, P=78. Check: P>Q? 78>85 false. So no. Try: S=95, P=92, R=85, Q=78: R>P? 85>92 false. So must be R>P>Q. Then Q is 3rd, someone is 4th. But only 4 people, so Q is 3rd, someone is 4th. That someone must be not mentioned in comparisons? All mentioned. Actually if R>P>Q, then Q could be 3rd if there\'s someone with lower score. That someone must be S? But S is highest. So S cannot be lower. Therefore only 4 people: S, R, P, Q. If R>P>Q, then order: S, R, P, Q. Q is lowest. Contradicts \"Q not lowest\". Thus puzzle may have error. In competitive exams, we\'d go with: Since Q not lowest, and R>P>Q, then Q must not be lowest, so there must be someone with score less than Q. That would be a 5th person. Given only 4, perhaps one of the comparisons is not \"strictly greater\" but \"greater than or equal\"? Unlikely. Let\'s assume standard interpretation: Order is S(95), R(92), P(85), Q(78). Then Q is lowest, contradicting clue. So maybe scores: 85,92,78,95. S highest=95. Q not lowest, so Q cannot be 78. P scored more than Q but less than R: R>P>Q. So R maximum possible=92, P=85, Q=78 but Q=78 is lowest. So Q must not be 78, so Q=85 or 92. If Q=92, then P>Q false. If Q=85, then P>85, so P=92, then R>92, but maximum is 92. So R cannot be >92. Thus no solution. Likely intended: S=95, R=92, P=85, Q=78. Then Q is lowest, contradicts \"Q not lowest\". So maybe \"Q didn\'t score lowest\" means Q is not the person with lowest score, but someone else has same score? Usually different marks. Possibly misprint. For practice, if we ignore \"Q not lowest\", then R=92. Answer likely 92.